A Longitudinal Analysis of Malaysia’s Innovation System in Shaping Innovation Capability, 1965–2016

Abstract

This thesis assesses the policies and strategies implemented between 1965 and 2016 in building Malaysia's Innovation capability through the National Innovation System lens. Malaysia, a newly industrialised economy, became an upper-middle-income country relatively early due to its open economy and industrialisation efforts. However, its development story is between a rock and a hard place. It is no longer an attractive alternative for foreign investors, nor can it compete at the innovative frontier.