Impacts of Business Obstacles, Regional Characteristics, and Top Management Gender Diversity on Corrupt Business Practices in Emerging Economies: Indonesian Example

Abstract

This study examines how business obstacles, regional characteristics, and top management gender diversity influence corruption in Indonesia. Using Institutional Theory, it employs a quantitative approach with World Bank Enterprise Survey data and conducts analyses through moderated regression. Findings reveal that business obstacles and regional characteristics significantly impact corruption, while female leadership has a limited moderating effect. This study contributes novel insights into corruption dynamics and ethical business practices in diverse economic environments.