Enhancing the Stability and Performance of Granular Sludge Reactors: Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Validation for Industrial Applications

Abstract

This study investigates optimal operational conditions for stable granule formation in granular sludge reactors through data-driven modeling and experimental validation. Cluster analysis categorized reactors by settling velocity, aiding model development. Key factors influencing granulation were identified, including aeration time and organic loading rate. Experimental validation using three reactors confirmed model predictions. Results highlight developed two models successfully used in application of aerobic granular reactor operations. The findings offer practical guidance for industrial applications to improve wastewater treatment efficiency and reactor performance.