Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
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Acero, F. and Aharonian, F. and Akhperjanian, A. and Anton, G. and Barres de Almeida, U. and Bazer-Bachi, A. and Becherini, Y. et al. 2009. Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy. Science. 326 (5956): pp. 1080-1082.
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Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of ~1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays---tracers of such cosmic rays---from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 ± 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) × 10-13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.
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