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    The validity of psychiatric diagnoses: The case of ‘specific’ developmental disorders

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Dyck, M.
    Piek, Jan
    Patrick, J.
    Date
    2011
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Dyck, M. and Piek, J. and Patrick, J. 2011. The validity of psychiatric diagnoses: The case of ‘specific’ developmental disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 32 (6): pp. 2704-2713.
    Source Title
    Research in Developmental Disabilities
    DOI
    10.1016/j.ridd.2011.06.001
    ISSN
    0891-4222
    School
    School of Psychology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/12939
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    We tested whether developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and mixed receptive expressive language disorder (RELD) are valid diagnoses by assessing whether they are separated from each other, from other childhood disorders, and from normality by natural boundaries termed zones of rarity. Standardized measures of intelligence, language, motor skills, social cognition, and executive functioning were administered to children with DCD (n = 22), RELD (n = 30), autistic disorder (n = 30), mental retardation (n = 24), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 53) and to a representative sample of children (n = 449). Discriminant function scores were used to test whether there were zones of rarity between the DCD, RELD, and other groups. DCD and RELD were reliably distinguishable only from the mental retardation group. Cluster and latent class analyses both resulted in only two clusters or classes being identified, one consisting mainly of typical children and the other of children with a disorder. Fifty percent of children in the DCD group and 20% in the RELD group were clustered with typical children. There was no evidence of zones of rarity between disorders. Rather, with the exception of mental retardation, the results imply there are no natural boundaries between disorders or between disorders and normality.

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