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    Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: Introduction and overview

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Whiteman, D.
    Webb, P.
    Green, A.
    Neale, R.
    Fritschi, L.
    Bain, C.
    Parkin, D.
    Wilson, L.
    Olsen, C.
    Nagle, C.
    Pandeya, N.
    Jordan, S.
    Antonsson, A.
    Kendall, B.
    Hughes, M.
    Ibiebele, T.
    Miura, K.
    Peters, S.
    Carey, Renee
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Whiteman, D. and Webb, P. and Green, A. and Neale, R. and Fritschi, L. and Bain, C. and Parkin, D. et al. 2015. Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: Introduction and overview. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 39 (5): pp. 403-407.
    Source Title
    Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    DOI
    10.1111/1753-6405.12468
    ISSN
    1326-0200
    School
    Epidemiology and Biostatistics
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/16775
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Objective: To describe the approach underpinning a national project to estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to modifiable causal factors. Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) (or prevented fraction) of cancers associated with exposure to causal (or preventive) factors using standard formulae. Where possible, we also estimated the potential impact on cancer incidence resulting from changes in prevalence of exposure. Analyses were restricted to factors declared causal by international agencies: tobacco smoke; alcohol; solar radiation; infectious agents; obesity; insufficient physical activity; insufficient intakes of fruits, vegetables and fibre; red and processed meat; menopausal hormone therapy (MHT); oral contraceptive pill (OCP); and insufficient breast feeding. Separately, we estimated numbers of cancers prevented by: aspirin; sunscreen; MHT; and OCP use. We discuss assumptions pertaining to latent periods between exposure and cancer onset, choices of prevalence data and risk estimates, and approaches to sensitivity analyses. Results: Numbers and population attributable fractions of cancer are presented in accompanying papers. Conclusions: This is the first systematic assessment of population attributable fractions of cancer in Australia.

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