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    Effectiveness of Ferric Salts to Remove Low Levels of Dosed Copper from NOM-Containing Natural Water

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    Authors
    Zhan, Weixi
    Sathasivan, Arumugam
    Nolan, P.
    Koska, L.
    Heitz, Anna
    Joll, Cynthia
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
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    Citation
    Zhan, Weixi and Sathasivan, Arumugam and Nolan, Paul and Koska, Laszlo and Heitz, Ana and Joll, Cynthia. 2009. Effectiveness of ferric salts to remove low levels of dosed copper from NOM-containing natural water. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA. 58 (7): pp. 443-449.
    Source Title
    Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA
    DOI
    10.2166/aqua.2009.006
    ISSN
    00037214
    School
    Department of Civil Engineering
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19754
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Water utilities dose copper in drinking water systems to inhibit/kill microorganisms including algae. Under conditions observed in the systems, the majority of dosed copper is reported to be in dissolved forms of Cu-NOM and inorganic compounds. High concentrations (40 mg/L) of ferric salts are reported to be able to remove large amounts of copper. However, the fate of dissolved copper when a small amount of ferric salts (<2 mg/L) is present in natural water or in the distribution pipes when they are released from the corroded iron pipes are not known. The current paper investigates the mechanisms behind the dissolved copper removal in NOM-containing bulk water. When copper was dosed from 250–800 mg-Cu/L, relatively high solubility was demonstrated in Mundaring water, with dissolved copper increased from 250–720 mg-Cu/L. Both ferric chloride and ferric hydroxide were found to have a considerable ability to remove dissolved copper while the former showed higher capacity. Ferric chloride showed a linear relationship with copper removal (R2=0.99) and the removal by ferric hydroxide showed excellent agreement with either the Freundlich (R2=0.98) or Langmuir (R2=0.99) adsorption isotherm.

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