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    Identification of a dietary pattern prospectively associated with bone mass in Australian young adults

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    van den Hooven, E.
    Ambrosini, G.
    Huang, R.
    Mountain, J.
    Straker, Leon
    Walsh, J.
    Zhu, K.
    Oddy, W.
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    van den Hooven, E. and Ambrosini, G. and Huang, R. and Mountain, J. and Straker, L. and Walsh, J. and Zhu, K. et al. 2015. Identification of a dietary pattern prospectively associated with bone mass in Australian young adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 102 (5): pp. 1035-1043.
    Source Title
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    DOI
    10.3945/ajcn.115.110502
    School
    School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/20324
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Background: Relatively little is known about the relations between dietary patterns and bone health in adolescence, which is a period of substantial bone mass accrual.Objectives: We derived dietary patterns that were hypothesized to be related to bone health on the basis of their protein, calcium, and potassium contents and investigated their prospective associations with bone mineral density (BMD), bone area, and bone mineral content (BMC) in a cohort of young adults.Design: The study included 1024 young adults born to mothers who were participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Dietary information was obtained from food-frequency questionnaires at 14 and 17 y of age. Dietary patterns were characterized according to protein, calcium, and potassium intakes with the use of reduced-rank regression. BMD, bone area, and BMC were estimated with the use of a total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan at 20 y of age.Results: We identified 2 major dietary patterns. The first pattern was positively correlated with intakes of protein, calcium, and potassium and had high factor loadings for low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and vegetables. The second pattern was positively correlated with protein intake but negatively correlated with intakes of calcium and potassium and had high factor loadings for meat, poultry, fish, and eggs. After adjustment for anthropometric, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors, a higher z score for the first pattern at 14 y of age was positively associated with BMD and BMC at 20 y of age [differences: 8.6 mg/cm2 (95% CI: 3.0, 14.1 mg/cm2) and 21.9 g (95% CI: 6.5, 37.3 g), respectively, per SD increase in z score]. The z score for this same pattern at 17 y of age was not associated with bone outcomes at 20 y of age. The second pattern at 14 or 17 y of age was not associated with BMD, BMC, or bone area.Conclusions: A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of protein, calcium, and potassium in midadolescence was associated with higher BMD and BMC at 20 y of age. Our results indicate that high consumption of low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and vegetables in adolescence are associated with beneficial effects on bone development.

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