Adsorption Characteristics of Zinc (Zn2+) from Aqueous Solution by Natural Bentonite and Kaolin Clay Minerals: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Clay minerals are one of the potential good adsorbent alternatives to activated carbon because of their large surface area and high cation exchange capacity. In this work the adsorptive properties of natural bentonite and kaolin clay minerals in the removal of zinc (Zn2+) from aqueous solution have been studied by laboratory batch adsorption kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The result shows that the amount of adsorption of zinc metal ion increases with initial metal ion concentration, contact time, but decreases with the amount of adsorbent and temperature of the system for both the adsorbents. Kinetic experiments clearly indicate that adsorption of zinc metal ion (Zn2+) on bentonite and kaolin is a two-step process: a very rapid adsorption of zinc metal ion to the external surface is followed by possible slow decreasing intraparticle diffusion in the interior of the adsorbent. This has also been confirmed by an intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium adsorption results are fitted better with the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich model. The value of separation factor, RL from Langmuir equation give an indication of favourable adsorption. Finally from thermodynamic studies, it has been found that the adsorption process is exothermic due to negative deltaG0 accompanied by decrease in entropy change and Gibbs free energy change (deltaG0). Overall bentonite is a better adsorbent than kaolin in the removal of Zn2+ from its aqueous solution.