A 26-Year Population-Based Study of Burn Injury Hospital Admissions in Western Australia

Abstract

The aim of the study was to use state-wide health administrative data to assess the incidence, temporal trends, and external cause of burn injury-related hospital admissions and mortality in Western Australia from 1983 to 2008. Linked hospital morbidity and death data for all persons hospitalized with an index burn injury in Western Australia for the period 1983–2008 were identified. Annual age-specific incidence and age standardized rates were estimated. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate temporal trends in hospital admissions and mortality. Zero-truncated negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hospital length of stay. From 1983 to 2008, there were 23,450 hospitalizations for an index burn injury. Hospital admission rates declined by an average annual rate of 2% (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.983, 0.981–0.984), and burn-related mortality declined by an average annual rate of 2% (IRR, 95% CI = 0.98, 0.96–1.01). Aboriginal people while having significantly higher hospitalization rates than non-Aboriginal people experienced a greater 26-year decline in hospitalizations of 58% (IRR, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.37–0.48) compared with 32% (IRR, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.65–0.71) for non-Aboriginal people. Children younger than 5 years, 20- to 24-year-old men, and adults older than 65 years remain at high risk for burn injury, and males continue to be hospitalized twice as frequently as females. The results demonstrate declines in burn injury hospitalizations and mortality in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations. Continued research is required of the impacts of medical interventions and the burn pathway of identified high-risk populations.