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dc.contributor.authorNadarajah, Nandakumaran
dc.contributor.authorPaffenholz, J.
dc.contributor.authorTeunissen, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-30T12:26:12Z
dc.date.available2017-01-30T12:26:12Z
dc.date.created2014-09-21T20:00:20Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.citationNadarajah, N. and Paffenholz, J. and Teunissen, P. 2014. Integrated GNSS Attitude Determination and Positioning for Direct Geo-Referencing. Sensors. 14 (7): pp. 12715-12734.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/21609
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s140712715
dc.description.abstract

Direct geo-referencing is an efficient methodology for the fast acquisition of 3D spatial data. It requires the fusion of spatial data acquisition sensors with navigation sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this contribution, we consider an integrated GNSS navigation system to provide estimates of the position and attitude (orientation) of a 3D laser scanner. The proposed multi-sensor system (MSS) consists of multiple GNSS antennas rigidly mounted on the frame of a rotating laser scanner and a reference GNSS station with known coordinates. Precise GNSS navigation requires the resolution of the carrier phase ambiguities. The proposed method uses the multivariate constrained integer least-squares (MC-LAMBDA) method for the estimation of rotating frame ambiguities and attitude angles. MC-LAMBDA makes use of the known antenna geometry to strengthen the underlying attitude model and, hence, to enhance the reliability of rotating frame ambiguity resolution and attitude determination. The reliable estimation of rotating frame ambiguities is consequently utilized to enhance the relative positioning of the rotating frame with respect to the reference station. This integrated (array-aided) method improves ambiguity resolution, as well as positioning accuracy between the rotating frame and the reference station. Numerical analyses of GNSS data from a real-data campaign confirm the improved performance of the proposed method over the existing method. In particular, the integrated method yields reliable ambiguity resolution and reduces position standard deviation by a factor of about 0.8, matching the theoretical gain of √3/4 for two antennas on the rotating frame and a single antenna at the reference station.

dc.publisherMDPI Publishing
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
dc.subjectlaser scanner
dc.subjectcarrier phase ambiguity resolution
dc.subjectattitude determination
dc.subjectglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS)
dc.subjectmultivariate constrained integer least-squares (MC-LAMBDA)
dc.subjectdirect geo-referencing
dc.titleIntegrated GNSS Attitude Determination and Positioning for Direct Geo-Referencing
dc.typeJournal Article
dcterms.source.volume14
dcterms.source.number7
dcterms.source.startPage12715
dcterms.source.endPage12734
dcterms.source.issn14248220
dcterms.source.titleSensors
curtin.departmentDepartment of Spatial Sciences
curtin.accessStatusOpen access


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