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    Cardiovascular responses to water immersion in humans: Impact on cerebral perfusion

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Carter, H.
    Spence, Angela
    Pugh, C.
    Ainslie, P.
    Naylor, L.
    Green, D.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Carter, H. and Spence, A. and Pugh, C. and Ainslie, P. and Naylor, L. and Green, D. 2014. Cardiovascular responses to water immersion in humans: Impact on cerebral perfusion. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 306 (9): pp. R636-R640.
    Source Title
    American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
    DOI
    10.1152/ajpregu.00516.2013
    ISSN
    15221490
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/22054
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Episodic increases in cerebrovascular perfusion and shear stress may have beneficial impacts on endothelial function that improve brain health. We hypothesized that water immersion to the level of the right atrium in humans would increase cerebral perfusion. We continuously measured, in 9 young (means ± SD, 24.6 ± 2.0 yr) healthy men, systemic hemodynamic variables along with blood flows in the common carotid and middle and posterior cerebral arteries during controlled filling and emptying of a water tank to the level of the right atrium. Mean arterial pressure (80 ± 9 vs. 91 ± 12 mmHg, P < 0.05), cardiac output (4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6 l/min, P < 0.05) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2, 39.5 ± 2.0 vs. 44.4 ± 3.5 mmHg, P < 0.05) increased with water immersion, along with middle (59 ± 6 vs. 64 ± 6 cm/s, P < 0.05) and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocities (41 ± 9 vs. 44 ± 10 cm/s, P < 0.05). These changes were reversed when the tank was emptied. Water immersion is associated with hemodynamic and PetCO2 changes, which increase cerebral blood velocities in humans. This study provides an evidence base for future studies to examine the potential additive effect of exercise in water on improving cerebrovascular health.

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