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    Novel 1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione (maleimide) proxies for the assessment of photic zone euxinia

    226944_226944.pdf (536.1Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Naeher, Sebastian
    Grice, Kliti
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Naeher, S. and Grice, K. 2015. Novel 1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione (maleimide) proxies for the assessment of photic zone euxinia. Chemical Geology. 404: pp. 100-109.
    Source Title
    Chemical Geology
    DOI
    10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.03.020
    ISSN
    0009-2541
    School
    Department of Chemistry
    Funding and Sponsorship
    http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP130100577
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/24201
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    1H-Pyrrole-2,5-diones (maleimides) and 1-alkyl-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenes (aryl isoprenoids), degradation products of tetrapyrrole pigments and carotenoids respectively, were analysed and compared with pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios to reconstruct past redox conditions in three geologic sections. One section comes from the Middle–Late Devonian and was deposited before the Frasnian–Famennian boundary mass extinction. The two other sections span the Late Permian to the Early Triassic as well as the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic, and recorded the Permian–Triassic (P/T) and Triassic–Jurassic (T/J) extinction events respectively. The 2-methyl-3-isobutyl-maleimide (Me,i-Bu maleimide) to 2-methyl-3-ethyl-maleimide (Me,Et maleimide) and 2-methyl-3-npropyl- maleimide (Me,n-Pr maleimide) to Me,Et maleimide ratios (Me,i-Bu/Me,Et and Me,n-Pr/Me,Et ratios) in the studied sections revealed amoderate to strong negative correlation to the aryl isoprenoid ratio (AIR), defined as (C13–C17 1-alkyl-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenes)/(C18–C22 1-alkyl-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenes), indicating that these maleimide ratios can be used as robust, specific indicators of photic zone euxinia (PZE). These results agreed with Pr/Ph ratios, which were used as diagnostic indicators to differentiate between oxic and anoxic conditions. In agreement with previous studies, the novel maleimide proxies suggest that all three mass extinctions werelargely characterised by PZE depositional conditions.

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