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    Hepatitis B immunity in Australia: A comparison of national and prisoner population serosurveys

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Gidding, H.
    Mahajan, D.
    Reekie, J.
    Lloyd, A.
    Dwyer, D.
    Butler, Tony
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Gidding, H. and Mahajan, D. and Reekie, J. and Lloyd, A. and Dwyer, D. and Butler, T. 2015. Hepatitis B immunity in Australia: A comparison of national and prisoner population serosurveys. Epidemiology and Infection. 143 (13): pp. 2813-2821.
    Source Title
    Epidemiology and Infection
    DOI
    10.1017/S0950268814003914
    ISSN
    0950-2688
    School
    National Drug Research Institute (NDRI)
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/24852
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    In Australia, hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination is recommended for injecting drug users (IDUs), Indigenous adults and prisoners. We compared immunity to HBV in prisoners and the general population obtained from national serosurveys in 2007. Individuals with HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) positive sera were considered immune from past infection [HBV core antibody (HBcAb) positive] or from vaccination (HBcAb negative). Male prisoners aged 18–58 years had a higher HBsAb seroprevalence than the general population (46·4% vs. 39·4%, P = 0·061). Comparison of HBcAb results was possible for males aged 18–29 years. In this group, higher HBsAb seroprevalence was due to past infection (12·9% vs. 3·0%, P < 0·001), rather than vaccine-conferred immunity (35·3% vs. 43·4%, P = 0·097). All prisoner groups, but especially IDUs, those of Indigenous heritage or those with a previous episode of imprisonment had higher levels of immunity from past infection than the general population (19·3%, 33·0%, 17·1%, respectively, vs. 3·0%, P < 0·05). Indigenous prisoners, non-IDUs and first-time entrants had significantly lower levels of vaccine-conferred immunity than the general population (26·4%, 26·2% and 20·7% respectively vs. 43·4%, P < 0·05). Improving prison-based HBV vaccination would prevent transmission in the prison setting and protect vulnerable members of the community who are at high risk of both infection and entering the prison system.

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