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    Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Abbasi, R.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J.
    Ahlers, M.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S.
    Bay, R.
    Bazo Alba, J.
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J.
    Becker, K.
    Benabderrahmane, M.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Boersma, D.
    Bohm, C.
    Botner, O.
    Bradley, L.
    Braun, J.
    Buitink, S.
    Carson, Michael
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clem, J.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D.
    D'Agostino, M.
    Danninger, M.
    De Clercq, C.
    Demirörs, L.
    Depaepe, O.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    De Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Díaz-Vélez, J.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J.
    Duvoort, M.
    Ehrlich, R.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R.
    Engdegård, O.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Foerster, M.
    Fox, B.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T.
    Gallagher, J.
    Ganugapati, R.
    Geisler, M.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Groß, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gunasingha, R.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Hallgren, A.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Hasegawa, Y.
    Haugen, J.
    Helbing, K.
    Herquet, P.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G.
    Hoffman, K.
    Homeier, A.
    Date
    2010
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Abbasi, R. and Abdou, Y. and Abu-Zayyad, T. and Adams, J. and Aguilar, J. and Ahlers, M. and Andeen, K. et al. 2010. Calibration and characterization of the IceCube photomultiplier tube. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 618 (1-3): pp. 139-152.
    Source Title
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
    DOI
    10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102
    ISSN
    0168-9002
    School
    Department of Exploration Geophysics
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28575
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Over 5000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-in. diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

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