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    A normative study of cervical range of motion measures including the flexion–rotation test in asymptomatic children: side-to-side variability and pain provocation

    242194_242194.pdf (840.4Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Budelmann, K.
    Piekartz, H.
    Hall, Toby
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Budelmann, K. and Piekartz, H. and Hall, T. 2016. A normative study of cervical range of motion measures including the flexion–rotation test in asymptomatic children: side-to-side variability and pain provocation. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 24 (4): pp. 185-191.
    Source Title
    Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy
    DOI
    10.1179/2042618612Y.0000000026
    ISSN
    1066-9817
    School
    School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
    Remarks

    This is an Author's Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy on 09/06/2016 available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1179/2042618612Y.0000000026

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/29160
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Objectives: Cervical movement impairment has been identified as a core component of cervicogenic headache evaluation. However, normal range of motion values in children has been investigated rarely and no study has reported such values for the flexion–rotation test (FRT). The purpose of this study was to identify normal values and side-to-side variation for cervical spine range of motion (ROM) and the FRT, in asymptomatic children aged 6–12 years. Another important purpose was to identify the presence of pain during the FRT. Methods: Thirty-four asymptomatic children without history of neck pain or headache (26 females and 8 males, mean age 125.38 months [SD 13.14]) were evaluated. Cervical spine cardinal plane ROM and the FRT were evaluated by a single examiner using a cervical ROM device. Results: Values for cardinal plane ROM measures are presented. No significant gender difference was found for any ROM measure. Mean difference in ROM for rotation, side flexion, and the FRT were less than one degree. However, intra-individual variation was greater, with lower bound scores of 9.32° for rotation, 5.30° for side flexion, and 10.89° for the FRT. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that movement in the cardinal planes only explains 19% of the variance in the FRT. Pain scores reported following the FRT were less than 2/10. Discussion: Children have consistently greater cervical spine ROM than adults. In children, side-to-side variation in rotation and side flexion ROM and range recorded during the FRT indicates that the clinician should be cautious when using range in one direction to determine impairment in another. Range recorded during the FRT is independent of cardinal movement variables, which further adds to the importance of the FRT, as a test that mainly evaluates range of movement of the upper cervical spine.

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