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    Fast watermarking scheme for real-time spatial scalable video coding

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Buhari, A.
    Ling, Huo Chong
    Baskaran, V.
    Wong, K.
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Buhari, A. and Ling, H.C. and Baskaran, V. and Wong, K. 2016. Fast watermarking scheme for real-time spatial scalable video coding. Signal Processing: Image Communication. 47: pp. 86-95.
    Source Title
    Signal Processing: Image Communication
    DOI
    10.1016/j.image.2016.06.003
    ISSN
    0923-5965
    School
    Curtin Sarawak
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/29507
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Recent advancements in high resolution scalable video coding have significantly increased the computational complexities of watermarking solutions for real-time video encoding systems. This paper proposes a human visual system based watermarking algorithm for spatial scalable coding based on the H.264/SVC standard. The proposed algorithm extracts textural feature from a set of 7 high energy quantized coefficients in 4×4 luma INTRA-predicted blocks of all slices and embeds watermark into the highly textured block which has at least one non-zero coefficient in 6 selected locations. The same embedding process is performed for all layers of the video to improve robustness against common video processing attacks. Experiments were conducted by embedding up to 8192 watermark bits into a four-layer spatial scalable coded video. Results suggest that the proposed scheme produces watermarked video with an average visual quality degradation of ~0.36 dB at the expense of 2.18% bitrate overhead. In addition, the proposed watermarking scheme achieves an average detection rate of 0.98, 0.97 and 0.71 against re-encoding, recompression and Gaussian filtering attacks, respectively, using the base layer, and above 0.97, 0.94 and 0.66, respectively when using any of the enhancement layer.

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