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    Milk intolerance, beta-casein and lactose

    230519_230519.pdf (159.6Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Pal, Sebely
    Woodford, K.
    Kukuljan, S.
    Ho, S.
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Pal, S. and Woodford, K. and Kukuljan, S. and Ho, S. 2015. Milk intolerance, beta-casein and lactose. Nutrients. 7 (9): pp. 7285-7297.
    Source Title
    Nutrients
    DOI
    10.3390/nu7095339
    School
    Epidemiology and Biostatistics
    Remarks

    This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/33979
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    True lactose intolerance (symptoms stemming from lactose malabsorption) is less common than is widely perceived, and should be viewed as just one potential cause of cows’ milk intolerance. There is increasing evidence that A1 beta-casein, a protein produced by a major proportion of European-origin cattle but not purebred Asian or African cattle, is also associated with cows’ milk intolerance. In humans, digestion of bovine A1 beta-casein, but not the alternative A2 beta-casein, releases beta-casomorphin-7, which activates µ-opioid receptors expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and body. Studies in rodents show that milk containing A1 beta-casein significantly increases gastrointestinal transit time, production of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase compared with milk containing A2 beta-casein. Co-administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone blocks the myeloperoxidase and gastrointestinal motility effects, indicating opioid signaling pathway involvement. In humans, a double-blind, randomized cross-over study showed that participants consuming A1 beta-casein type cows’ milk experienced statistically significantly higher Bristol stool values compared with those receiving A2 beta-casein milk. Additionally, a statistically significant positive association between abdominal pain and stool consistency was observed when participants consumed the A1 but not the A2 diet. Further studies of the role of A1 beta-casein in milk intolerance are needed.

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    • Comparative effects of A1 versus A2 beta-casein on gastrointestinal measures: a blinded randomised cross-over pilot study
      Ho, S.; Woodford, K.; Kukuljan, S.; Pal, Sebely (2014)
      Background/objectives:At present, there is debate about the gastrointestinal effects of A1-type beta-casein protein in cows' milk compared with the progenitor A2 type. In vitro and animal studies suggest that digestion ...
    • Comparative Effects of A1 Versus A2 Beta-Casein on Gastrointestinal Measures: a Blinded Randomised Cross-Over Pilot Study
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      Background/objectives: At present, there is debate about the gastrointestinal effects of A1-type beta-casein protein in cows’ milk compared with the progenitor A2 type. In vitro and animal studies suggest that digestion ...
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      Milk proteins including casein are sources of peptides with bioactivity. One of these peptides is beta-casomorphin (BCM) which belongs to a group of opioid peptides formed from b-casein variants. Beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM7) ...
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