Diurnal and seasonal surface temperature variations: A case study in Baghdad

Abstract

Urban land use and land cover (LULC) classification is an important technique to study a variety ofapplications in remote sensing, especially in urban climate and environment. In this study, a new approach was applied to classify urban LULC area into four main categories using Landsat TM. This approach used the impervious surface area (ISA) technique by fusing the night thermal band with day multispectral bands of Landsat data. In addition, masks of water and vegetation cover were applied to extract their categories. In the second part, diurnal and seasonal variations in surface temperature were analysed using LST maps. Landsat TM images during daytime and night time for Summer and Winter in 1990 have been utilised to estimate surface temperature and spectral indices (MNDWI andNDVI).