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    Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by endotoxemia

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Cruzat, Vinicius
    Bittencourt, A.
    Scomazzon, S.
    Leite, J.
    de Bittencourt Jr, P.
    Tirapegui, J.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Cruzat, V. and Bittencourt, A. and Scomazzon, S. and Leite, J. and de Bittencourt Jr, P. and Tirapegui, J. 2014. Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by endotoxemia. Nutrition. 30 (5): pp. 602-611.
    Source Title
    Nutrition: an International Journal of Applied and Basic Nutritional Science
    DOI
    10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.019
    ISSN
    0899-9007
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/35349
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation with L-glutamine plus L-alanine (GLN+ALA), both in the free form and L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (DIP) in endotoxemic mice. Methods: B6.129 F2/J mice were subjected to endotoxemia (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS], 5 mg/kg, LPS group) and orally supplemented for 48 h with either L-glutamine (1 g/kg) plus L-alanine (0.61 g/kg) (GLN+ALA-LPS group) or 1.49 g/kg DIP (DIP-LPS group). Plasma glutamine, cytokines, and lymphocyte proliferation were measured. Liver and skeletal muscle glutamine, glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GSSG), tissue lipoperoxidation (TBARS), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB–interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1)–Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 pathway also were determined.Results: Endotoxemia depleted plasma (by 71%), muscle (by 44%), and liver (by 49%) glutamine concentrations (relative to the control group), which were restored in both GLN+ALA-LPS and DIP-LPS groups (P < 0.05). Supplemented groups reestablished GSH content, intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH ratio), and TBARS concentration in muscle and liver (P < 0.05). T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation increased in supplemented groups compared with controls and LPS group (P < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and IL-10 increased in LPS group but were attenuated by the supplements (P < 0.05). Endotoxemic mice exhibited higher muscle gene expression of components of the NF-κB pathway, with the phosphorylation of IκB kinase-α/β. These returned to basal levels (relative to the control group) in both GLN+ALA-LPS and DIP-LPS groups (P < 0.05). Higher mRNA of IRAK1 and MyD88 were observed in muscle of LPS group compared with the control and supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Oral supplementations with GLN+ALA or DIP are effective in attenuating oxidative stress and the proinflammatory responses induced by endotoxemia in mice.

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    • Oral supplementations with free and dipeptide forms of L-glutamine in endotoxemic mice: effects on muscle glutamine-glutathione axis and heat shock proteins
      Cruzat, Vinicius; Pantaleao, L.; Donato Jr, J.; de Bittencourt Jr, P.; Tirapegui, J. (2014)
      Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Low availability of glutamine contributes to the catabolic state of sepsis. l-Glutamine supplementation has antioxidant properties and modulates the ...
    • Alanyl-glutamine and glutamine plus alanine supplements improve skeletal redox status in trained rats: Involvement of heat shock protein pathways
      Petry, E.; Cruzat, Vinicius; Heck, T.; Leite, J.; de Bittencourt Jr, P.; Tirapegui, J. (2014)
      Aims: We hypothesized that oral L-glutamine supplementations could attenuate muscle damage and oxidative stress, mediated by glutathione (GSH) in high-intensity aerobic exercise by increasing the 70-kDa heat shock proteins ...
    • L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise
      Leite, J.; Raizel, R.; Hypólito, T.; Dos Santos Rosa, T.; Cruzat, Vinicius; Tirapegui, J. (2016)
      In this study we investigated the chronic effects of oral L-glutamine and L-alanine supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide form, on glutamine-glutathione (GLN-GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP-27 ...
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