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    CRYSTAL14: A program for the ab initio investigation of crystalline solids

    200746_200746.pdf (1.925Mb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Dovesi, R.
    Orlando, R.
    Erba, A.
    Zicovich-Wilson, C.
    Civalleri, B.
    Casassa, S.
    Maschio, L.
    Ferrabone, M.
    De La Pierre, M
    D'Arco, P.
    Noël, Y.
    Causà, M.
    Rérat, M.
    Kirtman, B.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Dovesi, R. and Orlando, R. and Erba, A. and Zicovich-Wilson, C. and Civalleri, B. and Casassa, S. and Maschio, L. et al. 2014. CRYSTAL14: A program for the ab initio investigation of crystalline solids. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 114 (19): pp. 1287-1317.
    Source Title
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
    DOI
    10.1002/qua.24658
    ISSN
    00207608
    School
    Department of Applied Chemistry
    Remarks

    This is the accepted version of the following article: Dovesi, R. and Orlando, R. and Erba, A. and Zicovich-Wilson, C. and Civalleri, B. and Casassa, S. and Maschio, L. et al. 2014. CRYSTAL14: A program for the ab initio investigation of crystalline solids. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 114 (19): pp. 1287-1317, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/qua.24658

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/37917
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The capabilities of the CRYSTAL14 program are presented, and the improvements made with respect to the previous CRYSTAL09 version discussed. CRYSTAL14 is an ab initio code that uses a Gaussian-type basis set: both pseudopotential and all-electron strategies are permitted; the latter is not much more expensive than the former up to the first-second transition metal rows of the periodic table. A variety of density functionals is available, including as an extreme case Hartree–Fock; hybrids of various nature (global, range-separated, double) can be used. In particular, a very efficient implementation of global hybrids, such as popular B3LYP and PBE0 prescriptions, allows for such calculations to be performed at relatively low computational cost. The program can treat on the same grounds zero-dimensional (molecules), one-dimensional (polymers), two-dimensional (slabs), as well as three-dimensional (3D; crystals) systems. No spurious 3D periodicity is required for low-dimensional systems as happens when plane-waves are used as a basis set. Symmetry is fully exploited at all steps of the calculation; this permits, for example, to investigate nanotubes of increasing radius at a nearly constant cost (better than linear scaling!) or to perform self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations on fullerenes as large as (10,10), with 6000 atoms, 84,000 atomic orbitals, and 20 SCF cycles, on a single core in one day. Three versions of the code exist, serial, parallel, and massive-parallel. In the second one, the most relevant matrices are duplicated, whereas in the third one the matrices in reciprocal space are distributed for diagonalization. All the relevant vectors are now dynamically allocated and deallocated after use, making CRYSTAL14 much more agile than the previous version, in which they were statically allocated.The program now fits more easily in low-memory machines (as many supercomputers nowadays are). CRYSTAL14 can be used on parallel machines up to a high number of cores (benchmarks up to 10,240 cores are documented) with good scalability, the main limitation remaining the diagonalization step. Many tensorial properties can be evaluated in a fully automated way by using a single input keyword: elastic, piezoelectric, photoelastic, dielectric, as well as first and second hyperpolarizabilies, electric field gradients, Born tensors and so forth. Many tools permit a complete analysis of the vibrational properties of crystalline compounds. The infrared and Raman intensities are now computed analytically and related spectra can be generated. Isotopic shifts are easily evaluated, frequencies of only a fragment of a large system computed and nuclear contribution to the dielectric tensor determined. New algorithms have been devised for the investigation of solid solutions and disordered systems. The topological analysis of the electron charge density, according to the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, is now incorporated in the code via the integrated merge of the TOPOND package. Electron correlation can be evaluated at the Möller–Plesset second-order level (namely MP2) and a set of double-hybrids are presently available via the integrated merge with the CRYSCOR program.

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