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    Visualization of Diffusion within Nanoarrays

    241679.pdf (3.564Mb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Liu, Yang
    Holzinger, A.
    Knittel, P.
    Poltorak, L.
    Gamero-Quijano, A.
    Rickard, William
    Walcarius, A.
    Herzog, G.
    Kranz, C.
    Arrigan, Damien
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Liu, Y. and Holzinger, A. and Knittel, P. and Poltorak, L. and Gamero-Quijano, A. and Rickard, W. and Walcarius, A. et al. 2016. Visualization of Diffusion within Nanoarrays. Analytical Chemistry. 88 (13): pp. 6689-6695.
    Source Title
    Analytical Chemistry
    DOI
    10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00513
    ISSN
    0003-2700
    School
    Nanochemistry Research Institute
    Funding and Sponsorship
    http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP130102040
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/38612
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The direct experimental characterization of diffusion processes at nanoscale remains a challenge that could help elucidate processes in biology, medicine and technology. In this report, two experimental approaches were employed to visualize ion diffusion profiles at the orifices of nanopores (radius (ra) of 86 ± 6 nm) in array format: (1) electrochemically assisted formation of silica deposits based on surfactant ion transfer across nanointerfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES); (2) combined atomic force - scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) imaging of topography and redox species diffusion through the nanopores. The nature of the diffusion zones formed around the pores is directly related to the interpore distance within the array. Nanopore arrays with different ratios of pore center-to-center separation (rc) to pore radius (ra) were fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling of silicon nitride (SiN) membranes, with 100 pores in a hexagonal arrangement. The ion diffusion profiles determined by the two visualization methods indicated the formation of overlapped or independent diffusion profiles at nanopore arrays with rc/ra ratios of 21 ± 2 and 91 ± 7, respectively. In particular, the silica deposition method resulted in formation of a single deposit encompassing the complete array with closer nanopore arrangement, whereas individual silica deposits were formed around each nanopore within the more widely spaced array. The methods reveal direct experimental evidence of diffusion zones at nanopore arrays and provide practical illustration that the pore-pore separation within such arrays has a significant impact on diffusional transport as the pore size is reduced to the nanoscale. These approaches to nanoscale diffusion zone visualization open up possibilities for better understanding of molecular transport processes within miniaturized systems.

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