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    Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials

    239461_239461.pdf (524.8Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Nyman, S.
    Goodwin, K.
    Kwasnicka, Dominika
    Callaway, A.
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Nyman, S. and Goodwin, K. and Kwasnicka, D. and Callaway, A. 2016. Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials. Psychology & Health. 31 (3): pp. 313-330.
    Source Title
    Psychology & Health
    DOI
    10.1080/08870446.2015.1088014
    ISSN
    0887-0446
    School
    School of Psychology and Speech Pathology
    Remarks

    This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/41917
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Objective: Evaluations of techniques to promote physical activity usually adopt a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Such designs inform how a technique performs on average but cannot be used for treatment of individuals. Our objective was to conduct the first N-of-1 RCTs of behaviour change techniques with older people and test the effectiveness of the techniques for increasing walking within individuals. Design: Eight adults aged 60–87 were randomised to a 2 (goal-setting vs. active control) × 2 (self-monitoring vs. active control) factorial RCT over 62 days. The time series data were analysed for each single case using linear regressions. Main outcome measures: Walking was objectively measured using pedometers. Results: Compared to control days, goal-setting increased walking in 4 out of 8 individuals and self-monitoring increased walking in 7 out of 8 individuals. While the probability for self-monitoring to be effective in 7 out of 8 participants was beyond chance (p = .03), no intervention effect was significant for individual participants. Two participants had a significant but small linear decrease in walking over time. Conclusion: We demonstrate the utility of N-of-1 trials for advancing scientific enquiry of behaviour change and in practice for increasing older people’s physical activity.

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