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    A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Bartholomew, K.
    Ntoumanis, Nikos
    Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Bartholomew, K. and Ntoumanis, N. and Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. 2009. A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2 (2): pp. 215-233.
    Source Title
    International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology
    DOI
    10.1080/17509840903235330
    ISSN
    1750-984X
    School
    School of Psychology and Speech Pathology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/42514
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary taxonomy of six controlling strategies, primarily based on the parental and educational literatures, which we believe are employed by coaches in sport contexts. Research in the sport and physical education literature has primarily focused on coaches' autonomysupportive behaviours. Surprisingly, there has been very little research on the use of controlling strategies. A brief overview of the research which delineates each proposed strategy is presented, as are examples of the potential manifestation of the behaviours associated with each strategy in the context of sports coaching. In line with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002), we propose that coach behaviours employed to pressure or control athletes have the potential to thwart athletes' feelings of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which, in turn, undermine athletes' self-determined motivation and contribute to the development of controlled motives. When athletes feel pressured to behave in a certain way, a variety of negative consequences are expected to ensue which are to the detriment of the athletes' well-being. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness and interest in the darker side of sport participation and to offer suggestions for future research in this area. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

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