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    Bile Acids Repress Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Signaling and Modulate the Airway Immune Response

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Legendre, C.
    Reen, F.
    Woods, D.
    Mooij, M.
    Adams, C.
    O'Gara, Fergal
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Legendre, C. and Reen, F. and Woods, D. and Mooij, M. and Adams, C. and O'Gara, F. 2014. Bile Acids Repress Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Signaling and Modulate the Airway Immune Response. Infection and Immunity. 82 (9): pp. 3531-3541.
    Source Title
    Infection and Immunity
    DOI
    10.1128/IAI.00674-13
    ISSN
    0019-9567
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43256
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) frequently occurs in patients with respiratory disease and is particularly prevalent in patients with cystic fibrosis. GER is a condition in which the duodenogastric contents of the stomach leak into the esophagus, in many cases resulting in aspiration into the respiratory tract. As such, the presence of GER-derived bile acids (BAs) has been confirmed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of affected patients. We have recently shown that bile causes cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial pathogens to adopt a chronic lifestyle and may constitute a major host trigger underlying respiratory infection. The current study shows that BAs elicit a specific response in humans in which they repress hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein, an emerging master regulator in response to infection and inflammation. HIF-1α repression was shown to occur through the 26S proteasome machinery via the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) pathway. Further analysis of the downstream inflammatory response showed that HIF-1α repression by BAs can significantly modulate the immune response of airway epithelial cells, correlating with a decrease in interleukin-8 (IL-8) production, while IL-6 production was strongly increased. Importantly, the effects of BAs on cytokine production can also be more dominant than the bacterium-mediated effects. However, the effect of BAs on cytokine levels cannot be fully explained by their ability to repress HIF-1α, which is not surprising, given the complexity of the immune regulatory network. The suppression of HIF-1 signaling by bile acids may have a significant influence on the progression and outcome of respiratory disease, and the molecular mechanism underpinning this response warrants further investigation.

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