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    Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40 carotenoids through time

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    French, K.
    Rocher, D.
    Zumberge, J.
    Summons, Roger
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    French, K. and Rocher, D. and Zumberge, J. and Summons, R. 2015. Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C40 carotenoids through time. Geobiology. 13 (2): pp. 139-151.
    Source Title
    Geobiology
    DOI
    10.1111/gbi.12126
    ISSN
    1472-4677
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/45353
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A comprehensive marine biomarker record of green and purple sulfur bacteria (GSB and PSB, respectively) is required to test whether anoxygenic photosynthesis represented a greater fraction of marine primary productivity during the Precambrian than the Phanerozoic, as current models of ocean redox evolution suggest. For this purpose, we analyzed marine rock extracts and oils from the Proterozoic to the Paleogene for C40 diagenetic products of carotenoid pigments using new analytical methods. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry provides a new perspective on the temporal distributions of carotenoid biomarkers for phototrophic sulfur bacteria, specifically okenane, chlorobactane, and paleorenieratane. According to conventional paleoredox interpretations, this revised stratigraphic distribution of the GSB and PSB biomarkers implies that the shallow sunlit surface ocean (<24 m) became sulfidic more frequently in the geologic past than was previously thought. We reexamine whether there is evidence supporting a planktonic source of GSB and PSB pigments in marine systems or whether additional factors are required to explain the marine phototrophic sulfur bacteria record. To date, planktonic GSB and PSB and their pigments have been identified in restricted basins and lakes, but they have yet to be detected in the unrestricted, transiently sulfidic, marine systems. Based on modern observations, additional environmental factors, including basin restriction, microbial mats, or sediment transport, may be required to fully explain GSB and PSB carotenoids in the geologic record.

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