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    Determination of odour threshold concentration ranges for some disinfectants and disinfection by-products for an Australian panel

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    McDonald, Suzanne
    Lethorn, Arron
    Loi, Clara
    Joll, Cynthia
    Driessen, Hanna
    Heitz, Anna
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    McDonald, Suzanne and Lethorn, Arron and Loi, Clara and Joll, Cynthia and Driessen, Hanna and Heitz, Anna. 2009. Determination of odour threshold concentration ranges for some disinfectants and disinfection by-products for an Australian panel. Water Science and Technology 60 (10): pp. 2493-2506.
    Source Title
    Water Science and Technology
    DOI
    10.2166/wst.2009.662
    ISSN
    02731223
    Faculty
    Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC)
    Faculty of Science and Engineering
    School
    Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (Industry Research Centre)
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/46005
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Taste-and-odour complaints are a leading cause of consumer dissatisfaction with drinking water. The aim of this study was to determine odour threshold concentration ranges and descriptors, using a Western Australian odour panel, for chlorine, bromine, chlorine added to bromide ions, the four major regulated trihalomethanes (THMs), and combined THMs. An odour panel was established and trained to determine odour threshold concentration ranges for odorous compounds typically found in drinking water at 25 degrees C, using modified flavour profile analysis (FPA) techniques. Bromine and chlorine had the same odour threshold concentration ranges and were both described as having a chlorinous odour by a majority of panellists, but the odour threshold concentration range of bromine expressed in free chlorine equivalents was lower that that of chlorine. It is likely that the free chlorine equivalent residuals measured in many parts of distribution systems in Western Australia are comprised of some portion of bromine and that bromine has the potential to cause chlorinous odours at a lower free chlorine equivalent concentration than chlorine itself. In fact, bromine is the likely cause of any chlorinous odours in Western Australian distributed waters when the free chlorine equivalent concentration is between 0.04 and 0.1 mgL(-1). Odour threshold concentrations for the four individual THMs ranged from 0.06-0.16 mgL(-1), and the odour threshold concentration range was 0.10 +/- 0.09 mgL(-1) when the four THMs were combined (in equal mass concentrations). These concentrations are below the maximum guideline value for total THM concentration in Australia so odours from these compounds may possibly be observed in distributed waters. However, while the presence of THMs may contribute to any sweet/fragrant/floral and chemical/hydrocarbon odours in local drinking waters, the THMs are unlikely to contribute to chlorinous odours.

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