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    Individuals with clinically significant insomnia symptoms are characterised by a negative sleep-related expectancy bias: Results from a cognitive-experimental assessment

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    Authors
    Courtauld, H.
    Notebaert, L.
    Milkins, B.
    Kyle, S.
    Clarke, Patrick
    Date
    2017
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Courtauld, H. and Notebaert, L. and Milkins, B. and Kyle, S. and Clarke, P. 2017. Individuals with clinically significant insomnia symptoms are characterised by a negative sleep-related expectancy bias: Results from a cognitive-experimental assessment. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 95: pp. 71-78.
    Source Title
    Behaviour Research and Therapy
    DOI
    10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.010
    ISSN
    0005-7967
    School
    School of Psychology and Speech Pathology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54212
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    © 2017 Elsevier LtdCognitive models of insomnia consistently suggest that negative expectations regarding the consequences of poor sleep contribute to the maintenance of insomnia. To date, however, no research has sought to determine whether insomnia is indeed characterised by such a negative sleep-related expectancy bias, using objective cognitive assessment tasks which are more immune to response biases than questionnaire assessments. Therefore, the current study employed a reaction-time task assessing biased expectations among a group with clinically significant insomnia symptoms (n = 30) and a low insomnia symptoms group (n = 40). The task involved the presentation of scenarios describing the consequences of poor sleep, and non-sleep related activities, which could be resolved in a benign or a negative manner. The results demonstrated that the high insomnia symptoms group were disproportionately fast to resolve sleep-related scenarios in line with negative outcomes, as compared to benign outcomes, relative to the low insomnia symptoms group. The two groups did not differ in their pattern of resolving non-sleep related scenarios. This pattern of findings is entirely consistent with a sleep-specific expectancy bias operating in individuals with clinically significant insomnia symptoms, and highlights the potential of cognitive-experimental assessment tasks to objectively index patterns of biased cognition in insomnia.

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