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    Re-evaluation of link between interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes: retrospective cohort study matching two intervals per mother

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    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Ball, S.
    Pereira, Gavin
    Jacoby, P.
    de Klerk, N.
    Stanley, F.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Ball, S. and Pereira, G. and Jacoby, P. and de Klerk, N. and Stanley, F. 2014. Re-evaluation of link between interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes: retrospective cohort study matching two intervals per mother. The BMJ: British Medical Journal. 349: g4333.
    Source Title
    BMJ: British Medical Journal
    DOI
    10.1136/bmj.g4333
    ISSN
    0959-8154
    Remarks

    This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5559
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Objective - To re-evaluate the causal effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse birth outcomes, on the basis that previous studies relying on between mother comparisons may have inadequately adjusted for confounding by maternal risk factors. Design - Retrospective cohort study using conditional logistic regression (matching two intervals per mother so each mother acts as her own control) to model the incidence of adverse birth outcomes as a function of interpregnancy interval; additional unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for confounders enabled comparison with the unmatched design of previous studies. Setting - Perth, Western Australia, 1980-2010. Participants - 40 441 mothers who each delivered three liveborn singleton neonates. Main outcome measures - Preterm birth (<37 weeks), small for gestational age birth (<10th centile of birth weight by sex and gestational age), and low birth weight (<2500 g). Results - Within mother analysis of interpregnancy intervals indicated a much weaker effect of short intervals on the odds of preterm birth and low birth weight compared with estimates generated using a traditional between mother analysis. The traditional unmatched design estimated an adjusted odds ratio for an interpregnancy interval of 0-5 months (relative to the reference category of 18-23 months) of 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.31 to 1.51) for preterm birth, 1.26 (1.15 to 1.37) for low birth weight, and 0.98 (0.92 to 1.06) for small for gestational age birth. In comparison, the matched design showed a much weaker effect of short interpregnancy interval on preterm birth (odds ratio 1.07, 0.86 to 1.34) and low birth weight (1.03, 0.79 to 1.34), and the effect for small for gestational age birth remained small (1.08, 0.87 to 1.34). Both the unmatched and matched models estimated a high odds of small for gestational age birth and low birth weight for long interpregnancy intervals (longer than 59 months), but the estimated effect of long interpregnancy intervals on the odds of preterm birth was much weaker in the matched model than in the unmatched model. Conclusion - This study questions the causal effect of short interpregnancy intervals on adverse birth outcomes and points to the possibility of unmeasured or inadequately specified maternal factors in previous studies.

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