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Neurofeedback in autism spectrum disorders

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Authors
Holtmann, M.
Steiner, S.
Hohmann, S.
Poustka, L.
Banaschewski, T.
Bölte, Sven
Date
2011
Type
Journal Article

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Holtmann, M. and Steiner, S. and Hohmann, S. and Poustka, L. and Banaschewski, T. and Bölte, S. 2011. Neurofeedback in autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 53 (11): pp. 986-993.
Source Title
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
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School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work
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Abstract

Aim To review current studies on the effectiveness of neurofeedback as a method of treatment of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method Studies were selected based on searches in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, and CINAHL using combinations of the following keywords: 'Neurofeedback' OR 'EEG Biofeedback' OR 'Neurotherapy' OR 'Mu-Rhythm' OR 'SMR' AND 'Autism' OR 'Autism Spectrum Disorder' OR 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder'. Results The existing evidence does not support the use of neurofeedback in the treatment of ASD. Studies with outcomes in favour of neurofeedback might be showing an improvement in comorbid attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms rather than a true improvement in core ASD symptoms. Interpretation Limitations of this review are those inherent in the studies available, including small sample size, short duration, variable diagnostic criteria, and insufficient control interventions, all causing a lack of generalizability.