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    Prolonged L-alanine exposure induces changes in metabolism, Ca2+ handling and desensitization of insulin secretion in clonal pancreatic ß-cells

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    McClenaghan, N.
    Scullion, S.
    Mion, B.
    Hewage, C.
    Malthouse, J.
    Flatt, P.
    Newsholme, Philip
    Brennan, L.
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    McClenaghan, N. and Scullion, S. and Mion, B. and Hewage, C. and Malthouse, J. and Flatt, P. and Newsholme, P. et al. 2009. Prolonged L-alanine exposure induces changes in metabolism, Ca2+ handling and desensitization of insulin secretion in clonal pancreatic ß-cells. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 116 (4): pp. 341-351.
    Source Title
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979)
    DOI
    10.1042/CS20080138
    ISSN
    0143-5221
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/6238
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Acute insulin-releasing actions of amino acids have been studied in detail, but comparatively little is known about the ß-cell effects of long-term exposure to amino acids. The present study examined the effects of prolonged exposure of ß-cells to the metabolizable amino acid L-alanine. Basal insulin release or cellular insulin content were not significantly altered by alanine culture, but acute alanine-induced insulin secretion was suppressed by 74% (P<0.001). Acute stimulation of insulin secretion with glucose, KCl or KIC (2-oxoisocaproic acid) following alanine culture was not affected. Acute alanine exposure evoked strong cellular depolarization after control culture, whereas AUC (area under the curve) analysis revealed significant (P<0.01) suppression of this action after culture with alanine. Compared with control cells, prior exposure to alanine also markedly decreased (P < 0.01) the acute elevation of [Ca2+]i (intracellular [Ca2+]) induced by acute alanine exposure. These diminished stimulatory responses were partially restored after 18 h of culture in the absence of alanine, indicating reversible amino-acid-induced desensitization. 13C NMR spectra revealed that alanine culture increased glutamate labelling at position C4 (by 60 %; P < 0.01), as a result of an increase in the singlet peak, indicating increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. Consistent with this, protein expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases PDK2 and PDK4 was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a decrease in cellular ATP (P < 0.05), consistent with diminished insulin-releasing actions of this amino acid. Collectively, these results illustrate the phenomenon of ß-cell desensitization by amino acids, indicating that prolonged exposure to alanine can induce reversible alterations to metabolic flux, Ca2+ handling and insulin secretion. © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society.

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