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    Combined DNA, toxicological and heavy metal analyses provides an auditing toolkit to improve pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

    235563_235563.pdf (551.2Kb)
    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Coghlan, Megan
    Maker, G.
    Crighton, E.
    Haile, James
    Murray, D.
    White, Nicole
    Byard, R.
    Bellgard, M.
    Mullaney, I.
    Trengove, R.
    Allcock, R.
    Nash, C.
    Hoban, C.
    Jarrett, K.
    Edwards, R.
    Musgrave, I.
    Bunce, Michael
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Citation
    Coghlan, M. and Maker, G. and Crighton, E. and Haile, J. and Murray, D. and White, N. and Byard, R. et al. 2015. Combined DNA, toxicological and heavy metal analyses provides an auditing toolkit to improve pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Scientific Reports. 5: 17475.
    Source Title
    Scientific Reports
    DOI
    10.1038/srep17475
    School
    Department of Environment and Agriculture
    Remarks

    This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/6251
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Globally, there has been an increase in the use of herbal remedies including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). There is a perception that products are natural, safe and effectively regulated, however, regulatory agencies are hampered by a lack of a toolkit to audit ingredient lists, adulterants and constituent active compounds. Here, for the first time, a multidisciplinary approach to assessing the molecular content of 26 TCMs is described. Next generation DNA sequencing is combined with toxicological and heavy metal screening by separation techniques and mass spectrometry (MS) to provide a comprehensive audit. Genetic analysis revealed that 50% of samples contained DNA of undeclared plant or animal taxa, including an endangered species of Panthera (snow leopard). In 50% of the TCMs, an undeclared pharmaceutical agent was detected including warfarin, dexamethasone, diclofenac, cyproheptadine and paracetamol. Mass spectrometry revealed heavy metals including arsenic, lead and cadmium, one with a level of arsenic >10 times the acceptable limit. The study showed 92% of the TCMs examined were found to have some form of contamination and/or substitution. This study demonstrates that a combination of molecular methodologies can provide an effective means by which to audit complementary and alternative medicines.

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