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    Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory Among Australian, Chinese, and Malaysian Athletes: A Bayesian Estimation Approach

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    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Gucciardi, Daniel
    Zhang, C.
    Ponnusamy, V.
    Si, G.
    Stenling, A.
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Gucciardi, D. and Zhang, C. and Ponnusamy, V. and Si, G. and Stenling, A. 2016. Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory Among Australian, Chinese, and Malaysian Athletes: A Bayesian Estimation Approach. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 38 (2): pp. 187-202.
    Source Title
    Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
    DOI
    10.1123/jsep.2015-0320
    School
    School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
    Remarks

    Copyright © 2016 Human Kinetics as accepted for publication in Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology http://journals.humankinetics.com/journal/jsep

    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/6335
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The aims of this study were to assess the cross-cultural invariance of athletes' self-reports of mental toughness and to introduce and illustrate the application of approximate measurement invariance using Bayesian estimation for sport and exercise psychology scholars. Athletes from Australia (n = 353, Mage = 19.13, SD = 3.27, men = 161), China (n = 254, Mage = 17.82, SD = 2.28, men = 138), and Malaysia (n = 341, Mage = 19.13, SD = 3.27, men = 200) provided a cross-sectional snapshot of their mental toughness. The cross-cultural invariance of the mental toughness inventory in terms of (a) the factor structure (configural invariance), (b) factor loadings (metric invariance), and (c) item intercepts (scalar invariance) was tested using an approximate measurement framework with Bayesian estimation. Results indicated that approximate metric and scalar invariance was established. From a methodological standpoint, this study demonstrated the usefulness and flexibility of Bayesian estimation for single-sample and multigroup analyses of measurement instruments. Substantively, the current findings suggest that the measurement of mental toughness requires cultural adjustments to better capture the contextually salient (emic) aspects of this concept.

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