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    Effectiveness of a 3 + 0 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule against invasive pneumococcal disease among a birth cohort of 1.4 million children in Australia

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Gidding, H.
    McCallum, L.
    Fathima, P.
    Moore, H.
    Snelling, Thomas
    Blyth, C.
    Jayasinghe, S.
    Giele, C.
    de Klerk, N.
    Andrews, R.
    McIntyre, P.
    Date
    2018
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Gidding, H. and McCallum, L. and Fathima, P. and Moore, H. and Snelling, T. and Blyth, C. and Jayasinghe, S. et al. 2018. Effectiveness of a 3 + 0 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule against invasive pneumococcal disease among a birth cohort of 1.4 million children in Australia. Vaccine. 36 (19): pp. 2650-2656.
    Source Title
    Vaccine
    DOI
    10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.058
    ISSN
    0264-410X
    School
    School of Public Health
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67202
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Background: Most studies use indirect cohort or case-control methods to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Neither method can measure the benefit vaccinationprograms afford the unvaccinated and many studies were unable to estimate dose-specific VE. We linked Australia’s national immunisation register with health data from two states to calculate IPD incidence by vaccination status and VE for a 3 + 0 PCV schedule (doses at 2, 4, 6 months, no booster) among a cohort of 1.4 million births. Methods: Births records for 2001–2012 were probabilistically linked to IPD notifications, hospitalisations, deaths, and vaccination history (available until December 2013). IPD rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated children <2 years old were compared using Cox proportional hazards models (adjusting for potential confounders), with VE = (1 − adjusted hazard ratio) × 100. Separate models were performed for all-cause, PCV7, PCV13 and PCV13-non-PCV7 serotype-specific IPD, and for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Results: Following introduction of universal PCV7 in 2005, rates of PCV7 serotype and all-cause IPD in unvaccinated children declined 89.5% and 61.4%, respectively, to be similar to rates in vaccinated children. Among non-Aboriginal children, VEs for 3 doses were 94.2% (95%CI: 81.9–98.1) for PCV7 serotype-specific IPD, 85.6% (95%CI: 60.5–94.8) for PCV13-non-PCV7 serotype-specific IPD and 80.1% (95%CI: 59.4–90.3) for all-cause IPD. There were no statistically significant differences between the VEs for 3 doses and for 1 or 2 doses against PCV13 and PCV13-non-PCV7 serotype-specific IPD, or between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Conclusion: Our population-based cohort study demonstrates that >90% coverage in the first year of a universal 3 + 0 PCV program provided high population-level protection, predominantly attributable to strong herd effects. The size of the cohort enabled calculation of robust dose-specific VE estimates for important population sub-groups relevant to vaccination policies internationally.

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