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    Pore characterization and clay bound water assessment in shale with a combination of NMR and low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption

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    Authors
    Yuan, Yujie
    Rezaee, M. Reza
    Verrall, M.
    Hu, S.
    Zou, Jie
    Testmanti, Nadia
    Date
    2018
    Type
    Journal Article
    
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    Citation
    Yuan, Y. and Rezaee, M.R. and Verrall, M. and Hu, S. and Zou, J. and Testmanti, N. 2018. Pore characterization and clay bound water assessment in shale with a combination of NMR and low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption. International Journal of Coal Geology. 194: pp. 11-21.
    Source Title
    International Journal of Coal Geology
    DOI
    10.1016/j.coal.2018.05.003
    ISSN
    0166-5162
    School
    WASM: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68768
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Pore size distribution (PSD) and the volume of clay bound water (CBW) are crucial parameters for gas shale reservoirs formation evaluation. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) has been extensively applied to characterize petrophysical properties of reservoirs. However, limited understanding remains for unconventional shales. Defining NMR T 2 cutoff to differentiate CBW from free water is a challenge in shales since conventional approach, such as using centrifuge, is not feasible to completely remove free water in tight shales. Thermal treatment is therefore suggested for further extraction of movable pore water, however, the influence of temperature on nanoscale pore structure and clay mineralogical composition has been underestimated in previous studies and thus requires further investigation. This paper re-defines the critical dehydration temperature for accurate PSD interpretation in Permian Carynginia shale, Western Australia to determine T 2 cutoff for CBW. By using low-pressure N 2 gas adsorption (LP-N 2 -GA) in parallel with LF-NMR, we identified a striking anomalous PSD consistency for critical temperature detection and verification. Our results shows that movable pore water can be maximally removed around 80 °C (75 °C), while the sensitive clay, CBW and microstructure are well-preserved for accurate petrophysical evaluation. Clay mineral conversion would occur when temperatures are higher than 80 °C, while temperatures lower than 75 °C would induce large misinterpretations for nanopore structure. Our recommended scheme could provide a potential adaptability for the formation evaluation of Permian Carynginia shale in the downhole practices.

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