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    Temporal context cues in human fear conditioning: Unreinforced conditional stimuli can segment learning into distinct temporal contexts and drive fear responding

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    Access Status
    Open access
    Authors
    Luck, Camilla
    Bramwell, S.
    Kerin, J.
    Green, L.
    Craig, Belinda
    Lipp, Ottmar
    Date
    2018
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Luck, C. and Bramwell, S. and Kerin, J. and Green, L. and Craig, B. and Lipp, O. 2018. Temporal context cues in human fear conditioning: Unreinforced conditional stimuli can segment learning into distinct temporal contexts and drive fear responding. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 108: pp. 10-17.
    Source Title
    Behaviour Research and Therapy
    DOI
    10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.004
    ISSN
    0005-7967
    School
    School of Psychology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69645
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    In associative learning, if stimulus A is presented in the same temporal context as the conditional stimulus (CS) - outcome association (but not in a way that allows an A–CS association to form) it becomes a temporal context cue, acquiring the ability to activate this context and retrieve the CS-outcome association. We examined whether a CS- presented during acquisition or extinction that predicted the absence of the unconditional stimulus (US) could act as a temporal context cue, reducing or enhancing responding, in differential fear conditioning. Two groups received acquisition (CSx–US, CSa–noUS) in phase 1 and extinction (CSx–noUS; CSe–noUS) in phase 2 (AE groups), and two groups received extinction in phase 1 and acquisition in phase 2 (EA groups). After a delay, participants were presented with either CSa (AEa and EAa groups) or CSe (AEe and EAe groups). Responding to CSx was enhanced after presentation of CSa but reduced after presentation of CSe, suggesting that training was segmented into two learning episodes and that the unreinforced CS present during an episode retrieved the CSx–US or CSx–noUS association. These findings suggest that temporal context cues may enhance or reduce fear responding, providing an exciting new avenue for relapse prevention research.

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