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    Ballmilling-assisted synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiFePO<inf>4</inf>/C for lithium-ion battery adopting citric acid as carbon precursor

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    Authors
    Zhang, D.
    Yu, X.
    Wang, Y.
    Cai, R.
    Shao, Zongping
    Liao, X.
    Ma, Z.
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Journal Article
    
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    Citation
    Zhang, D. and Yu, X. and Wang, Y. and Cai, R. and Shao, Z. and Liao, X. and Ma, Z. 2009. Ballmilling-assisted synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiFePO<inf>4</inf>/C for lithium-ion battery adopting citric acid as carbon precursor. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 156 (10): pp. A802-A808.
    Source Title
    Journal of the Electrochemical Society
    DOI
    10.1149/1.3183880
    ISSN
    0013-4651
    School
    Department of Chemical Engineering
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/8030
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    LiFePO4/C composite cathode for secondary lithium-ion battery was synthesized via a mechanochemical activation/sintering process adopting citric acid (CA) as carbon source. The carbon formation process, optimal carbon content, and electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized powders are investigated by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetric analyzer, X-ray powder diffraction, CO2 -temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reaction, scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge characterizations. The thermal decomposition of CA was found to conduct in two successive steps: It is first cracked to CHx between 50 and 400°C and then further decomposed to carbon at YYY; both temperatures are lower than that of the sucrose. CO2 -TPD characterization demonstrated that 5.0, 6.0, 6.75, and 8.0 wt % of CA applied during the synthesis resulted in carbon contents of 1.81, 3.23, 3.63, and 4.04 wt % in the final product, respectively. The cathode with its precursor containing 6.0 wt % CA shows highest discharge capacities of ~153 and 92 mA h g-1 at 1C and 20C rates, respectively, which are comparable to the best results reported for a LiFePO4/C cathode. It then highly appreciates the mechanochemical activation/sintering process with CA as the carbon source in the synthesis of high performance LiFePO4 /C. © 2009 The Electrochemical Society.

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