Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils
dc.contributor.author | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela | |
dc.contributor.author | Castillo, Luis | |
dc.contributor.author | Aromatisi, Andrea | |
dc.contributor.author | Milne, Lynne | |
dc.contributor.author | Búllon Castillo, Adolfo | |
dc.contributor.author | Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-10-15T00:52:42Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-10-15T00:52:42Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Scaccabarozzi, D. and Castillo, L. and Aromatisi, A. and Milne, L. and Búllon Castillo, A. and Muñoz-Rojas, M. 2020. Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils. Agronomy. 10 (6): Article No. 106. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81431 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/agronomy10060806 | |
dc.description.abstract |
Soil contamination by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) such as Cadmium (Cd), is a major environmental concern because of its potential implications to human health. Cacao-based products have been identified as food sources with relatively high Cd contents. Here, we assessed Cd concentrations of cacao-growing soils in four major agricultural regions with contrasting climates in Peru, one of the main exporters of cacao products worldwide. At each study site (n = 40) a broad range of potential factors affecting Cd concentration in soils, i.e., site, soil and management, were evaluated. Concentrations of Cd ranged between 1.1–3.2 mg kg−1. Mean values per region were below 2.7 mg kg−1, usually established as upper-limit for non-polluted soils. Cadmium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in sites at higher elevations and in a temperate, drier climate. Cadmium correlated positively with pH (r = 0.57; p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.001) in alluvial sediments and Leptosols. Management factors (cacao variety, cultivation year, management practices) and agroecology did not affect Cd concentrations directly. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering a broad range of both natural and anthropogenic factors to evaluate Cd concentrations in cacao-growing soils and contribute to effective and sustainable cacao production by improving land management and planning. | |
dc.publisher | MDPI AG | |
dc.relation.sponsoredby | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE180100570 | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.title | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
dcterms.source.issn | 2073-4395 | |
dcterms.source.title | Agronomy | |
dc.date.updated | 2020-10-15T00:52:37Z | |
curtin.note |
© 2020 The Authors. Published by MDPI Publishing. | |
curtin.department | School of Molecular and Life Sciences (MLS) | |
curtin.department | School of Earth and Planetary Sciences (EPS) | |
curtin.accessStatus | Open access | |
curtin.faculty | Faculty of Science and Engineering | |
curtin.contributor.orcid | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela [0000-0003-2446-8794] | |
curtin.contributor.orcid | Milne, Lynne [0000-0003-4542-6913] | |
curtin.contributor.scopusauthorid | Milne, Lynne [7005477302] |