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    The effects of aerobic exercise training at two different intensities in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Implications for oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and nitric oxide production

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Krause, M.
    Rodrigues-Krause, J.
    O'Hagan, C.
    Medlow, P.
    Davison, G.
    Susta, D.
    Boreham, C.
    Newsholme, Philip
    O'Donnell, M.
    Murphy, C.
    De Vito, G.
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Krause, M. and Rodrigues-Krause, J. and O'Hagan, C. and Medlow, P. and Davison, G. and Susta, D. and Boreham, C. et al. 2014. The effects of aerobic exercise training at two different intensities in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Implications for oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and nitric oxide production. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 114 (2): pp. 251-260.
    Source Title
    European Journal of Applied Physiology
    DOI
    10.1007/s00421-013-2769-6
    ISSN
    1439-6319
    School
    School of Biomedical Sciences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/9292
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Aims: To investigate the effect of 16 weeks of aerobic training performed at two different intensities on nitric oxide (tNOx) availability and iNOS/nNOS expression, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in obese humans with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Twenty-five sedentary, obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) males (52.8 ± 7.2 years); 12 controls versus 13 T2DM were randomly allocated to four groups that exercised for 30 min, three times per week either at low (Fat-Max; 30–40 % VO2max) or moderate (T vent; 55–65 % VO2max) intensity. Before and after training, blood and muscle samples (v. lateralis) were collected. Results: Baseline erythrocyte glutathione was lower (21.8 ± 2.8 vs. 32.7 ± 4.4 nmol/ml) and plasma protein oxidative damage and IL-6 were higher in T2DM (141.7 ± 52.1 vs. 75.5 ± 41.6 nmol/ml). Plasma catalase increased in T2DM after T vent training (from 0.98 ± 0.22 to 1.96 ± 0.3 nmol/min/ml). T2DM groups demonstrated evidence of oxidative damage in response to training (elevated protein carbonyls). Baseline serum tNOx were higher in controls than T2DM (18.68 ± 2.78 vs. 12.34 ± 3.56 μmol/l). Training at T vent increased muscle nNOS and tNOx in the control group only. Pre-training muscle nNOS was higher in controls than in T2DMs, while the opposite was found for iNOS. No differences were found after training for plasma inflammatory markers. Conclusion: Exercise training did not change body composition or aerobic fitness, but improved OS markers, especially when performed at T vent. Non-diabetics responded to T vent training by increasing muscle nNOS expression and tNOx levels in skeletal muscle while these parameters did not change in T2DM, perhaps due to higher insulin resistance (unchanged after intervention).

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