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    Impact of activator type on the immobilisation of lead in fly ash-based geopolymer

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Lee, S.
    Van Riessen, Arie
    Chon, C.
    Kang, N.
    Jou, H.
    Kim, Y.
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Lee, S. and Van Riessen, A. and Chon, C. and Kang, N. and Jou, H. and Kim, Y. 2016. Impact of activator type on the immobilisation of lead in fly ash-based geopolymer. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 305: pp. 59-66.
    Source Title
    Journal of Hazardous Materials
    DOI
    10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.023
    ISSN
    0304-3894
    School
    John de Laeter CoE in Mass Spectrometry
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/9687
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Immobilisation of heavy metals in geopolymers has attracted attention as a potential means of treating toxic wastes. Lead is known to be effectively immobilised in a geopolymer matrix, but detailed explanation for the mechanisms involved and the specific chemical form of lead are not fully understood. To reveal the effect of the activator types on the immobilisation of lead in geopolymers, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% lead in the form of lead nitrate was mixed with fly ash and alkaline activators. Different alkaline activators (either combined sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate or sodium aluminate) were used to achieve the target Si:Al ratios 2.0 and 5.0 in geopolymers. Zeolite was formed in aluminate-activated geopolymers having a Si:Al ratio of 2.0, but the zeolite crystallization was suppressed as lead content increased. No specific crystalline phase of lead was detected by X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction or FT-IR spectrometry. In fact, double Cs corrected TEM analysis revealed that lead was evenly distributed with no evidence of formation of a specific lead compound. A sequential extraction procedure for fractionation of lead showed that lead did not exist as an exchangeable ion in geopolymers, regardless of activator type used. Aluminate activation is shown to be superior in the immobilisation of lead because about 99% of extracted lead existed in the oxidizing and residual fractions.

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