Removal of Illicit and Psychoactive Drugs During Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

This Thesis investigated the removal of illicit and psychoactive drugs during wastewater treatment. Analytical methods were developed to quantify these contaminants in wastewater samples. Understanding of their fate during wastewater treatment was advanced, and outcomes suggested that there is minimal risk to the environment from these illicit and psychoactive drugs upon wastewater discharge. The study provides confidence in the ecological safety of disinfected treated wastewater and contributes to improved sustainable management of our water resources.