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Using the health action process approach to predict and improve health outcomesin individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Open access
Authors
MacPhail, M.
Mullan, Barbara
Sharpe, L.
MacCann, C.
Todd, J.
Date
2014
Type
Journal Article

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MacPhail, M. and Mullan, B. and Sharpe, L. and MacCann, C. and Todd, J. 2014. Using the health action process approach to predict and improve health outcomesin individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 7: pp. 469-479.
Source Title
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
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School of Psychology
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This article is published under the Open Access publishing model and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Please refer to the licence to obtain terms for any further reuse or distribution of this work.

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Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive utility of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and test a HAPA-based healthy eating intervention, in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The study employed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial design. The 4-month intervention consisted of self-guided HAPA-based workbooks in addition to two telephone calls to assist participants with the program implementation, and was compared to “treatment as usual”. Participants (n=87) completed health measures (diet, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, lipid levels, and diabetes distress) and HAPA measures prior to the intervention and again upon completion 4 months later. Results: The overall HAPA model predicted BMI, although only risk awareness and recovery self-efficacy were significant independent contributors. Risk awareness, intentions, and self-efficacy were also independent predictors of health outcomes; however, the HAPA did not predict healthy eating. No significant time × condition interaction effects were found for diet or any HAPA outcome measures. Conclusion: Despite the success of HAPA in predicting health outcomes for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the intervention was unsuccessful in changing healthy eating or any of the other measured variables, and alternative low-cost health interventions for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be explored.