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    Global distribution of Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus among clinically healthy sea turtles

    Access Status
    Open access via publisher
    Authors
    Alfaro-Nunez, A.
    Bertelsen, M.
    Bojesen, A.
    Rasmussen, I.
    Zepeda-Mendoza, L.
    Olsen, M.
    Gilbert, Thomas
    Date
    2014
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Alfaro-Nunez, A. and Bertelsen, M. and Bojesen, A. and Rasmussen, I. and Zepeda-Mendoza, L. and Olsen, M. and Gilbert, T. 2014. Global distribution of Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus among clinically healthy sea turtles. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (206).
    Source Title
    BMC Evolutionary Biology
    DOI
    10.1186/s12862-014-0206-z
    School
    Department of Environment and Agriculture
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/10751
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Background: Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease characterized by cutaneous tumours that has been documented to infect all sea turtle species. Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV) is believed to be the aetiological agent of FP, based principally on consistent PCR-based detection of herpesvirus DNA sequences from FP tumours. We used a recently described PCR-based assay that targets 3 conserved CFPHV genes, to survey 208 green turtles (Chelonia mydas). This included both FP tumour exhibiting and clinically healthy individuals. An additional 129 globally distributed clinically healthy individual sea turtles; representing four other species were also screened. Results: CFPHV DNA sequences were obtained from 37/37 (100%) FP exhibiting green turtles, and 45/300 (15%) clinically healthy animals spanning all five species. Although the frequency of infected individuals per turtle population varied considerably, most global populations contained at least one CFPHV positive individual, with the exception of various turtle species from the Arabian Gulf, Northern Indian Ocean and Puerto Rico. Haplotype analysis of the different gene markers clustered the CFPHV DNA sequences for two of the markers (UL18 and UL22) in turtles from Turks and Caicos separate to all others, regardless of host species or geographic origin.Conclusion: Presence of CFPHV DNA within globally distributed samples for all five species of sea turtle was confirmed. While 100% of the FP exhibiting green turtles yielded CFPHV sequences, surprisingly, so did 15% of the clinically healthy turtles. We hypothesize that turtle populations with zero (0%) CFPHV frequency may be attributed to possible environmental differences, diet and/or genetic resistance in these individuals. Our results provide first data on the prevalence of CFPHV among seemingly healthy turtles; a factor that may not be directly correlated to the disease incidence, but may suggest of a long-term co-evolutionary latent infection interaction between CFPHV and its turtle-host across species. Finally, computational analysis of amino acid variants within the Turks and Caicos samples suggest potential functional importance in a substitution for marker UL18 that encodes the major capsid protein gene, which potentially could explain differences in pathogenicity. Nevertheless, such a theory remains to be validated by further research.

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