Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans
dc.contributor.author | Mullen, W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Borges, G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Donovan, J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Edwards, Christine | |
dc.contributor.author | Serafini, M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Lean, M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Crozier, A. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-01-30T12:07:47Z | |
dc.date.available | 2017-01-30T12:07:47Z | |
dc.date.created | 2016-09-12T08:36:58Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Mullen, W. and Borges, G. and Donovan, J. and Edwards, C. and Serafini, M. and Lean, M. and Crozier, A. 2009. Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 89 (6): pp. 1784-1791. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/18430 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27339 | |
dc.description.abstract |
Background: Cocoa drinks containing flavan-3-ols are associated with many health benefits, and conflicting evidence exists as to whether milk adversely affects the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of milk on the bioavailability of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites. Design: Nine human volunteers followed a low-flavonoid diet for 2 d before drinking 250 mL of a cocoa beverage, made with water or milk, that contained 45 µmol (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin. Plasma and urine samples were collected for 24 h, and flavan-3-ol metabolites were analyzed by HPLC with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. Results: Milk affected neither gastric emptying nor the transit time through the small intestine. Two flavan-3-ol metabolites were detected in plasma and 4 in urine. Milk had only minor effects on the plasma pharmacokinetics of an (epi)catechin-O-sulfate and had no effect on an O-methyl-(epi)catechin-O-sulfate. However, milk significantly lowered the excretion of 4 urinary flavan-3-ol metabolites from 18.3% to 10.5% of the ingested dose (P = 0.016). Studies that showed protective effects of cocoa and those that showed no effect of milk on bioavailability used products that have a much higher flavan-3-ol content than does the commercial cocoa used in the present study. Conclusions: Most studies of the protective effects of cocoa have used drinks with a very high flavan-3-ol content. Whether similar protective effects are associated with the consumption of many commercial chocolate and cocoa products containing substantially lower amounts of flavan-3-ols, especially when absorption at lower doses is obstructed by milk, remains to be determined. © 2009 American Society for Nutrition. | |
dc.publisher | American Society for Nutrition | |
dc.title | Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
dcterms.source.volume | 89 | |
dcterms.source.number | 6 | |
dcterms.source.startPage | 1784 | |
dcterms.source.endPage | 1791 | |
dcterms.source.issn | 0002-9165 | |
dcterms.source.title | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | |
curtin.department | School of Public Health | |
curtin.accessStatus | Open access via publisher |
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