Theoretical analysis of equalization and spatial location efficiency

Abstract

This paper shows that regional economies, such as federations or unitary countries with sub-national governments, may need a system of optimal inter-regional transfers to correct for various types of externalities related to factor mobility and location decisions. It is then argued that equalization schemes that take account of the differing expenditure and revenue needs of regions create a pattern of inter-regional transfers of income, but that they are inconsistent with what is required for spatial efficiency. Therefore, equalization is incompatible with the efficient spatial allocation of mobile factors of production. It is also shown that regions have an incentive to act strategically over equalization and distort their provision of local public goods.