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    Calcium and Vitamin D in Obesity and Related Chronic Disease

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Pannu, P.
    Calton, E.
    Soares, Mario
    Date
    2016
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Pannu, P. and Calton, E. and Soares, M. 2016. Calcium and Vitamin D in Obesity and Related Chronic Disease. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 77: pp. 57-100.
    Source Title
    Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
    DOI
    10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.11.001
    ISSN
    1043-4526
    School
    School of Public Health
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/3471
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    There is a pandemic of lifestyle-related diseases. In both developed and lesser developed countries of the world, an inadequacy of calcium intake and low vitamin D status is common. In this chapter, we explore a mechanistic framework that links calcium and vitamin D status to chronic conditions including obesity, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also update the available clinical evidence, mainly from randomized controlled trials, to provide a synthesis of evidence in favor or against these hypotheses. There is consistent data to support calcium increasing whole body fat oxidation and increasing fecal fat excretion, while there is good cellular evidence for vitamin D reducing inflammation. Clinical trials support a marginal reduction in circulating lipids and some meta-analysis support an increase in insulin sensitivity following vitamin D. However, these mechanistic pathways and intermediate biomarkers of disease do not consistently transcribe into measurable health outcomes. Cementing the benefits of calcium and vitamin D for extraskeletal health needs a reexamination of the target 25(OH)D level to be achieved and the minimum duration of future trials.

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