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    Reconstructing genome evolution in historic samples of the Irish potato famine pathogen

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Martin, M.
    Cappellini, E.
    Samaniego, J.
    Zepeda, M.
    Campos, P.
    Seguin-Orlando, A.
    Wales, N.
    Orlando, L.
    Ho, S.
    Dietrich, F.
    Mieczkowski, P.
    Heitman, J.
    Willerslev, E.
    Krogh, A.
    Ristaino, J.
    Gilbert, Thomas
    Date
    2013
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Martin, M. and Cappellini, E. and Samaniego, J. and Zepeda, M. and Campos, P. and Seguin-Orlando, A. and Wales, N. et al. 2013. Reconstructing genome evolution in historic samples of the Irish potato famine pathogen. Nature Communications. 4.
    Source Title
    Nature Communications
    Additional URLs
    http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130718/ncomms3172/full/ncomms3172.html?WT.ec_id=NCOMMS-20130724
    ISSN
    2041-1723
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/39239
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    Responsible for the Irish potato famine of 1845–49, the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans caused persistent, devastating outbreaks of potato late blight across Europe in the 19th century. Despite continued interest in the history and spread of the pathogen, the genome of the famine-era strain remains entirely unknown. Here we characterize temporal genomic changes in introduced P. infestans. We shotgun sequence five 19th-century European strains from archival herbarium samples—including the oldest known European specimen, collected in 1845 from the first reported source of introduction. We then compare their genomes to those of extant isolates. We report multiple distinct genotypes in historical Europe and a suite of infection-related genes different from modern strains. At virulence-related loci, several now-ubiquitous genotypes were absent from the historical gene pool. At least one of these genotypes encodes a virulent phenotype in modern strains, which helps explain the 20th century’s episodic replacements of European P. infestans lineages.

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