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    Evaluation of Sustainable use of a Residue Sand as a Highway Embankment Material

    Access Status
    Fulltext not available
    Authors
    Nikraz, Hamid
    Jitsangiam, Peerapong
    Date
    2009
    Type
    Conference Paper
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Nikraz, Hamid and Jitsangiam, Peerapong. 2009. Evaluation of Sustainable use of a Residue Sand as a Highway Embankment Material, in Dr Yoopayao Daroon (ed), International Conference on the Role of Universities in Hands-On Education, Aug 23 2009. Bangkok, Thailand: Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
    Source Title
    Proceedings for International Conference on the Role of Universities in Hands-On Education
    Source Conference
    International Conference on the Role of Universities in Hands-On Education
    School
    Department of Civil Engineering
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/4021
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    The coarse fractions of the bauxite residue or the residue sand left over from the alumina production process are currently generated in Western Australia. The construction and operation of such large impoundment areas is costly. This has led to research in residue sand recycling. The treatment method used to improve the residue sand in this investigation was pozzolanic stabilisation which is a result of the mixing the residue sand with fly ash and lime. Lime used in this study is the residual lime left over from the Bayer process of Alumina refineries and fly ash is the finest fraction of coal ash produced in coal power stations. This stabilisation technique utilises three industrial by-products for an embankment material thereby providing a sustainable reuse option in alternative to current stockpiling practices.Our findings show that 1) the optimisation program successfully found the optimum mixture of 75% the residue sand, 10% residual lime and 15% fly ash (dry mass). This mixture then allowed for focused and in depth engineering tests to be conducted only upon the optimum residue sand mixture, 2) there was a vast improvement in strength with the addition of fly ash and residual lime to the residue sand and was due to both mechanical and lime stabilisation, and 3) limit equilibrium slope stability analysis of embankments with different geometries was performed to determine suitable slopes that satisfied the strength requirement. The results indicated that for embankment heights less that 15m a slope of 2H:1V or flatter for washed and carbonated residue sand while a slope of 1H:4V or flatter for stabilised residue sand sand meet the stability requirements.

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