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    Pharmacological modulation of dietary lipid-induced cerebral capillary dysfunction: Considerations for reducing risk for Alzheimer’s disease

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    Authors
    Pallebage-Gamarallage, M.
    Takechi, Ryusuke
    Lam, Virginie
    Elahy, Mina
    Mamo, John
    Date
    2015
    Type
    Journal Article
    
    Metadata
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    Citation
    Pallebage-Gamarallage, M. and Takechi, R. and Lam, V. and Elahy, M. and Mamo, J. 2015. Pharmacological modulation of dietary lipid-induced cerebral capillary dysfunction: Considerations for reducing risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 53 (3): pp. 166-183.
    Source Title
    Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
    DOI
    10.3109/10408363.2015.1115820
    ISSN
    1040-8363
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/40843
    Collection
    • Curtin Research Publications
    Abstract

    An increasing body of evidence suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction and microvessel disease precede the evolution of hallmark pathological features that characterise Alzheimer’s disease (AD), consistent with a causal association for onset or progression. Recent studies, principally in genetically unmanipulated animal models, suggest that chronic ingestion of diets enriched in saturated fats and cholesterol may compromise blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity resulting in inappropriate blood-to-brain extravasation of plasma proteins, including lipid macromolecules that may be enriched in amyloid-ß (Aß). Brain parenchymal retention of blood proteins and lipoprotein bound Aß is associated with heightened neurovascular inflammation, altered redox homeostasis and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. Therefore, it is a reasonable proposition that lipid-lowering agents may positively modulate BBB integrity and by extension attenuate risk or progression of AD. In addition to their robust lipid lowering properties, reported beneficial effects of lipid-lowering agents were attributed to their pleiotropic properties via modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, NO and Aß metabolism. The review is a contemporary consideration of a complex body of literature intended to synthesise focussed consideration of mechanisms central to regulation of BBB function and integrity. Emphasis is given to dietary fat driven significant epidemiological evidence consistent with heightened risk amongst populations consuming greater amounts of saturated fats and cholesterol. In addition, potential neurovascular benefits associated with the use of hypolipidemic statins, probucol and fenofibrate are also presented in the context of lipid-lowering and pleiotropic properties.

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