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Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism

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Spanu, P.
Abbott, J.
Amselem, J.
Burgis, T.
Soanes, D.
Stüber, K.
Ver Loren van Themaat, E.
Brown, J.
Butcher, S.
Gurr, S.
Lebrun, M.
Ridout, C.
Schulze-Lefert, P.
Talbot, N.
Ahmadinejad, N.
Ametz, C.
Barton, G.
Benjdia, M.
Bidzinski, P.
Bindschedler, L.
Both, M.
Brewer, M.
Cadle-Davidson, L.
Cadle-Davidson, M.
Collemare, J.
Cramer, R.
Frenkel, O.
Godfrey, D.
Harriman, J.
Hoede, C.
King, B.
Klages, S.
Kleemann, J.
Knoll, D.
Koti, P.
Kreplak, J.
Lopez-Ruiz, Fran
Lu, X.
Maekawa, T.
Mahanil, S.
Micali, C.
Milgroom, M.
Montana, G.
Noir, S.
O’Connell, R.
Oberhaensli, S.
Parlange, F.
Pedersen, C.
Quesneville, H.
Reinhardt, R.
Rott, M.
Sacristán, S.
Schmidt, S.
Schön, M.
Skamnioti, P.
Sommer, H.
Stephens, A.
Takahara, H.
Thordal-Christensen, H.
Vigouroux, M.
Weßling, R.
Wicker, T.
Panstruga, R.
Date
2010
Type
Journal Article

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Spanu, P. and Abbott, J. and Amselem, J. and Burgis, T. and Soanes, D. and Stüber, K. and Ver Loren van Themaat, E. et al. 2010. Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism. Science. 330 (6010): pp. 1543-1546.
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Abstract

Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.